By September 2018, 5.6 million Syrians have taken refuge outside the country, the majority in neighboring countries. “The Alouk water station, which serves nearly half a million people in Al-Hassakeh city and the surrounding displacement camps, has been out of service for the past ten days” the Office explained, but with help from the Syrian Arab Red Crescent (SARC), together with water and electricity experts, temporary repairs mean that safe water is flowing again. Human Rights Watch investigated 36 cluster munition attacks between July 2017 and June 2018 and another two-dozen more possible cluster munition attacks. However, the United Kingdom and Netherlands have withdrawn their support for stabilization and resilience in northwest Syria. Municipalities in Lebanon forcibly evicted thousands of refugees in mass expulsions without a legal basis or due process. UNHCR and partners have supplied hot meals, camp transportation, shelter and protection services, in addition to protection monitoring, child protection and identification of unaccompanied children and persons with special needs. The updates provided no specific details other than date and, occasionally, cause of death, and the government failed to provide the remains to the families. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported on Tuesday that despite a shaky five-day ceasefire, airstrikes and a ground offensive launched by Turkey on 9 October, targeting Kurdish held areas across the border, has had a “significant humanitarian impact.”. 7 August 2019 Peace and Security The Security Council has “utterly failed Syrian detainees and their families”, Amina Khoulani, Co-founder of Families for Freedom, told the Security Council on Wednesday, during a meeting focussed on those who have been jailed or gone missing across Syria, during years of brutal conflict. Indiscriminate attacks on civilians and civilian objects by the Syrian-Russian military alliance persisted in 2018. France issued its own arrest warrants in November. 22 October 2019 Peace and Security After nearly two weeks of fighting in northeast Syria, the UN’s humanitarian wing has estimated that around 180,000 have been forced to leave their homes or shelters, including 80,000 children, all in desperate need of humanitarian assistance. As of Tuesday, around half of those affected by the water crisis have access to potable supply, while the rest will gain access in the coming hours and days - the result of two consecutive missions across active frontlines to repair the damaged powerlines - an effort made possible by deconfliction efforts led by the UN and Turkish Government. In December 2017, the guarantors established a working group on detentions and abductions in the Syrian conflict. In areas reclaimed by the Government - such as Dar’a in the south and Duma near Damascus - civilians, including recent returnees, have been arbitrarily arrested and detained, the report maintains. A small number of refugees have returned to Syria under localized agreements, however these are not overseen by UNHCR. The body is reportedly opening two cases in 2018. In July, the Syrian government updated civil registries to include death certificates for hundreds of individuals previously detained or disappeared by the government. Describing the situation at Al Hol camp as “appalling”, the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria called on the international community to take action. More than a million Syrian refugees are registered with UNHCR in Lebanon. In addition, much-needed psychological support is only provided on a limited basis to Yazidi women and children, who fled ISIL massacres in neighbouring Iraq in 2014. From January to April 2018 more than 920,000 individuals had been newly displaced inside of Syria, according to the UN. The United States also froze its funding for recovery and stabilization in areas captured from ISIS, asking the UAE and Saudi Arabia to step in to support local authorities, which they did. Israel also reportedly conducted several strikes on government-held areas. In an effort to oust HTS fighters, “aerial and ground offensives by pro-Government forces to oust those militants and affiliated armed groups from Idlib, northern Hama, Latakia and western Aleppo escalated dramatically” in February, Mr. Pinheiro added, “destroying infrastructure essential to the survival of the civilian population, forcing almost half a million civilians to flee”. The actual number of chemical attacks is likely higher. ♦ Receive daily updates directly in your inbox -, OCHA staff assist an Iraqi woman taking her four-day-old grandson to a health clinic in Al Hol camp, Syria. A significant number of those interned at Al-Hol camp also include tens of thousands of people who fled the bombardment of Baghouz town - an ISIL stronghold in eastern Syria - straining further the already severely overstretched humanitarian resources. “Substantial” shortfalls in humanitarian funding are placing the lives of millions of children in areas affected by conflict and disaster at risk, the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) warned on Tuesday. In November, in response to international pressure, the Syrian parliament amended the law. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), a monitoring group based in the UK, estimated the death toll since the start of the war to be as high as 511,000 as of March 2018. Instead, Turkish authorities have opened several displacement camps in areas under their control in Syria. Yet, little progress has been made. Making an impassioned appeal on behalf of older children from 12 to 18, questioning whether allegations and suspicions of terrorist affiliation levelled against them were correct, he said that the Commission "finds this completely appalling.”. In March, the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria issued a report on sexual and gender-based violence from March 2011 to December 2017 finding that the rape and sexual violence committed by government forces and associated militias amounted to war crimes and crimes against humanity. In June, Germany's chief federal prosecutor reportedly issued an arrest warrant for a senior Syrian military official on charges of war crimes. It will host a third in March 2019. Some refugees have said they are returning because of harsh policies and deteriorating conditions in Lebanon, not because they think Syria is safe. Parties to the conflict continued to use unlawful weapons. At the time of writing, a tenuous ceasefire was holding in Idlib between the Syrian-Russian military alliance and anti-government armed groups. However, Jordan helped evacuate members of the Syrian Civil Defense, a humanitarian emergency response team affiliated with the opposition, whom Germany, the United Kingdom and Canada, among others, agreed to resettle. Tens of thousands remain at risk of eviction. Updating journalists on the conflict elsewhere in the country – particularly in Idlib, the last opposition-held bastion and Deir Ez Zor in the east - Mr. Pinheiro insisted that civilians continue to bear the brunt of hostilities. Since January, however, ten provinces – including Istanbul and Hatay – suspended Syrian asylum seeker registration. Meanwhile, the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism (IIIM), a quasi-special prosecutor’s office established by the UN General Assembly in December 2016, continued to gather and preserve evidence for future criminal prosecutions. pic.twitter.com/QaYDVv3CoQ. Hundreds of thousands of civilians in both locations also lack adequate access to water, electricity and education, the report adds. Nearly all of them are sheltering inside the Bardarash refugee camp, around 140 kilometres east of the border. As the Islamic State and armed opposition groups relinquished territorial control inside Syria, the Syrian government and its foreign partners made significant military and territorial gains. While the United States-led coalition re-opened investigations into civilian casualties from its strikes and admitted to inadvertently killing civilians, it did not provide transparency around these investigations nor compensation for victims. After several reported chemical attacks during the first half of the year, in an unprecedented step, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) was authorized to attribute responsibility for attacks in Syria.

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