[76] However, she never allowed the Church to interfere with what she considered to be prerogatives of a monarch and kept Rome at arm's length. They were also poorly trained and discipline was lacking. However, she despised the Jews and the Protestants, and on certain occasions she ordered their expulsion to remote parts of the realm. Since 1761, Kaunitz had tried to organise a diplomatic congress to take advantage of the accession of George III of the United Kingdom, as he did not really care about Germany. Ironically, for this purpose, she was aided by Gerard van Swieten who was considered to be an "enlightened" man. He neglected the advice of Prince Eugene of Savoy, who believed that a strong military and a rich treasury were more important than mere signatures. Maria Carolina was to replace her as the pre-determined bride of King Ferdinand IV of Naples. [23] The letters she sent to him shortly before their marriage expressed her eagerness to see him; his letters, on the other hand, were stereotyped and formal. Although she had already won the admiration of the Hungarians, the number of volunteers were only in hundreds. [22], The Duchess of Lorraine's love for her husband was strong and possessive. [30], Charles VI died on 20 October 1740, probably of mushroom poisoning. [128], One of Maria Theresa's greatest wishes was to have as many grandchildren as possible, but she had only about two dozen at the time of her death, of which all the eldest surviving daughters were named after her, with the exception of Princess Carolina of Parma, her eldest granddaughter by Maria Amalia. She had a six children with Louis XIV but he would never love her. Media related to Marie Thérèse of Austria at Wikimedia Commons, From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Thérèse_of_Austria&oldid=6808259, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Marie-Thérèse of Austria, French Marie-Thérèse d’Autriche, Spanish María Teresa de Austria, (born September 10, 1638, El Escorial, Spain—died July 30, 1683, Versailles, France), queen consort of King Louis XIV of France (reigned 1643–1715). The first child, Maria Elisabeth (1737–1740), was born a little less than a year after the wedding. The goal was to ensure that peasants not only could support themselves and their family members, but also help cover the national expenditure in peace or war. She forbade the publication of Pope Clement XIII's bull, which was in favour of the Jesuits, and promptly confiscated their property when Pope Clement XIV suppressed the order. As the daughter of King Philip IV of Spain and Elizabeth of France, Marie-Thérèse was betrothed to Louis by the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659), which ended a 24-year war between France and Spain. [i], In April 1770, Maria Theresa's youngest daughter, Maria Antonia, married Louis, Dauphin of France, by proxy in Vienna. The Bourbon Claim to the Spanish Throne which sparked of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1700 stems from her. Hungarian and Croat light hussars led by Count Hadik raided Berlin in 1757. [112], In 1776, Austria outlawed torture, particularly at the behest of Joseph II. Our latest podcast episode features popular TED speaker Mara Mintzer. [45] Marshall Belle-Isle joined Frederick at Olmütz. She also promoted commerce and the development of agriculture, and reorganised Austria's ramshackle military, all of which strengthened Austria's international standing. [98] She also refounded the Hofkammer in 1762, which was a ministry of finances that controlled all revenues from the monarchy. [107], Prussian ambassador's letter to Frederick II of Prussia[108], The centralization of the Habsburg government necessitated the creation of a unified legal system. The Viennese rioted at the cost of the war. [12] Her father allowed her to attend meetings of the council from the age of 14 but never discussed the affairs of state with her. [15], Leopold Clement's younger brother, Francis Stephen, was invited to Vienna. [21] The couple were married on 12 February 1736. [24][25] She was very jealous of her husband and his infidelity was the greatest problem of their marriage,[26] with Maria Wilhelmina, Princess of Auersperg, as his best-known mistress. [97], In light of the failure to reclaim Silesia during the Seven Years' War, the governing system was once again reformed to strengthen the state. …XIV’s consort, the Spanish infanta Marie-Thérèse, were in 1700 the closest surviving relatives of the childless Charles II of Spain (, …marriage between Louis XIV and Marie-Thérèse, daughter of the Spanish king Philip IV. [143] Subsequently, on 30 December 1777, Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria died without leaving any children. The French plans fell apart when Charles Albert died in January 1745. Finally, the war was concluded by the Treaty of Hubertusburg and Paris in 1763. [58] Charles Albert was unanimously elected Holy Roman Emperor on 24 January 1742, which made him the only non-Habsburg to be in that position since 1440. [96] Thanks to this effort, by 1760 there was a class of government officials numbering around 10,000.
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